Wage and hour lawsuits are on the rise, usually with non-exempt employees claiming they were not paid for overtime or for work they may have performed before or after their shift.
But if you have ironclad policies in place, you can greatly minimize both the chances of being sued and also losing the case.
The importance of your written policy
One California case illustrates how one employer, thanks to its policies on prohibiting work off the clock, was able to avoid a trial and payment of damages after an appeals court threw out a potential class-action suit by employees claiming they had not been paid for overtime work, of which their employer lacked knowledge.
The California Appellate Court dismissed the case, Jong vs. Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, finding that Kaiser could not be held liable for overtime pay because:
- The company explicitly prohibited off-the-clock work;
- The employee worked off-the clock contrary to this policy; and
- The employer had no actual or constructive notice of the employee’s unapproved off-the-clock work and therefore could not be liable.
This case illustrates the importance of putting your off-the-clock policy in writing and following through with consistent enforcement.
The case
In 2009, Kaiser reclassified its outpatient pharmacy manager (OPMs) as non-exempt as part of a settlement of an earlier lawsuit, in which it had been accused of improperly classifying OPMs as exempt.
After Kaiser had reclassified its OPMs, three OPMs filed suit, alleging that Kaiser refused to pay overtime and that it had not adjusted the responsibilities of OPMs so that they could perform their jobs in 40 hours a week.
OPMs were also required to hit budget targets, and Kaiser had disciplined one of the OPMs for going over budget, partly due to overtime that he reported and was paid for. In the lawsuit, the OPM asserted that Kaiser knew or should have known about the off-the-clock hours that he worked and therefore should have paid the unreported overtime.
In dismissing the lawsuit, the court cited the plaintiff’s deposition that he was aware of Kaiser’s overtime rules, including that it would pay for overtime work even if it had not been pre-approved. The OPM had also signed an affirmation acknowledging that off-the-clock work was prohibited.
During his deposition, the OPM also said that he was not sure if any of his managers knew he was working off the clock. He also had not recorded his off-the-clock work and did not know how many hours he had worked off the clock.
The takeaway
This case illustrates the importance of having strong and well-documented policies, including procedures for requesting approval for overtime as well as a prohibition on off-the-clock work.
Kaiser was granted case dismissal thanks to its explicit policies on off-the-clock work and that it had required its employees to sign an acknowledgement that they would not work off the clock.
You may want to consider instituting policies and procedures that are similar to Kaiser’s if you want to avoid any off-the-clock work complaints. Kaiser’s policies were:
- All non-exempt employees will be paid overtime for all overtime hours recorded.
- All non-exempt employees should be clocked in whenever they are working.
- All non-exempt employees must request approval to work overtime.
- All non-exempt employees are required to sign an attestation form acknowledging that they will not work off the clock.
You should review your wage and hour policies with an employment attorney and implement policies and procedures that can keep your firm from being sued by employees for overtime, meal break, and off-the-clock violations.
Your last line of defense should be an employment practices liability policy.
We can help you with your policies
Want assistance with establishing effective policies and procedures to minimize the risk of lawsuits? Contact us.
Jay is a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine and also has an MBA from San Francisco State University. He has worked for a number of insurance carriers and brokers over the past 25 years. At UBF, Jay specializes in advocating for our clients in various issues, including grievances, benefit inquiries and eligibility issues.
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